Wednesday, March 23, 2011

Looking Through the Eyes of an Expert



            Writing has always been one of my passions. As a child, I was an avid fan of books and magazines. I was always fascinated of the world the different stories each book would hold. I would admire the way how good their authors have written them. It was like I was part of every conflict they face, every place they visit, and every journey they partake. Being a lover of books, my love for writing grew stronger. I admired anyone who could string words beautifully together.

I remembered when someone once told me that only poets can write poems. This led me to thinking that only writers, good ones, can write well. I dreamt of being a good writer. I strived harder; I trained more through competitions, press conferences and school activities. But then I felt I was never good enough. I felt that there was always something missing in my essays – some sort of element I cannot really decipher. So I tried to find the answer. Fortunately, the answer was waiting to be found in the form of a school project. I grabbed the opportunity and aimed for my target.

I found the answer to my prayers at the Manila Bulletin office in Intramuros, Manila. The angel in disguise was Mr. Paul Marc Rañon, a writer from the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) staff of the newspaper. This messenger from the Kingdom of Essays was the key to the relentlessly confusing questions occupying my head.

“Writing is expressing one’s self. It is a flow of ideas. Nilalabas mo dito ang mga saloobin mo. It is a manifestation of the writer’s thoughts,” he says while smiling. I smile at him back while I think to myself; I’ve heard that stuff before. Tell me something I don’t know. He further on tells me his thoughts about writing in general. I agree with him when he said that the pen is indeed mightier than the sword. Words can cause bigger impacts and effects than any weapon of mass destruction can. He further explains how writing continues to evolve as the times are changing. With the advent of technology, writers from any side of the world can share their compositions with another person from the other end of the globe. Some writers cannot even afford to publish their own works; so they resort to online blogging. Some good writers are even discovered online, he tells me. “I was a blogger, too,” he jokes around and we laugh.

Like me, Mr. Rañon also started writing during his high school years. He loved writing as much as I did. I assumed that it was the job he really wanted but he surprised me with his answer, “Passion, yes. As a job? I would rather take it (writing) as a hobby.” He likes field reporting because being an in-house writer sometimes bores him. “The action is not here. It is out there. I prefer to haunt for news outside,” he explains. Regardless, he claims that he is very happy as a writer. “Happy? Yes, of course! As long as you have the enthusiasm and passion to write, as long as you have that drive, tuloy-tuloy yan,” I nod in agreement when he said this. I feel that drive running through my veins whenever I write an essay. But how long would this drive fuel my desire for writing? Will I continue to be as happy as him in the future?

Mr. Rañon writes articles on news, technological, human interest and animal-related topics. He loves writing human interest compositions. He exclaims that this type of writing tackles “the humanity of being human.” It shows emotion, reality and consequences in daily events. He does not have a specific style in writing. He describes his work as spontaneous. I tell him I do not have a specific style in writing, too. I write according to what and how I feel.

We move on to a more serious topic. I asked him about the factors that make writing efficient. He answered that writing should be direct and straight to the point. It must also educate and inform readers. It must also be of interest to attract readers. “Do not exaggerate,” He repeatedly tells him. He also told me that writing becomes inefficient when the writer is under great stress. I laugh in agreement. I remember my sleepless nights with my keyboard and coffee. Stress is the number one factor that triggers creation of bad compositions. Deadlines, on the other hand, take the second place. When a writer is pressured to meet a specific deadline, words seem to escape his vocabulary at the time he needs them the most. Mr. Rañon tells me, “Yan yung mga panahon na kahit iuntog mo ang ulo mo sa pader, wala talagang lalabas.” Scarcity of information also leads to poor performance. A good writer must be also be good at research. In the same way, too much information is also bad in writing.

We discuss later on the advantages and disadvantages that come with his profession. He said that every writer will agree with him when he says that being a writer will give you many freebies, free food and free everything, “Walang makakatanggi na writer niyan. Lahat ng pwede mong mahawakan, lahat ng pwede mong amuyin, yung abot ng 5 senses mo, makukuha mo yan.” He further on explains that with these benefits, come also the downside of being a writer. “Andiyan yung limitation as a group, eh. Yung nakita mo noon, sila din makikita mo ngayon. Kayo lang nagkikita-kita sa press conferences. Nagiging boring. Parang walang bago,” he said with a dull face.

Being a writer is hard, he says, especially during the early years. It was the time when his editor seemed to reject every article he submitted. His editor would tell him the two words he dreaded the most – recheck and rewrite. I asked him then if he ever thought of quitting the job. He laughed and said yes. If he were not a writer now, he would be working in the US Navy. I wondered if I would ever want something else to do besides writing. Well, I probably would, but I would write and do another thing, not do that thing and not write at all.

Mr. Rañon gave tips for aspiring writers, like me, on how to create good compositions, “There are 5Rs in writing. They are Reading, Research, Reliability, Responsibility and Relations.” Even before he explained why these 5Rs are important, I already had the answer inside my head. A good writer must also be a wide reader because it is through reading materials he can gather new and more information, improve his vocabulary and learn from ideas of other authors. To be able to make a reliable essay, one must go beyond the subject and dig deeper through various resources like libraries and the internet. Reliability is important; a writer must be credible enough so that his readers will believe in him. With reliability comes responsibility. If one is reliable, he carries the responsibility of telling only the truth and nothing else. Lastly, good relations are important because a writer can learn so much from other writers, as well. He gets inspiration from his loved ones and other people in his life to continue writing.

Our discussion ended with a few jokes and smiles. I left Manila Bulletin that day with a clearer perspective in writing. Looking through the eyes of an expert, I gained new and vital knowledge that I knew I would need someday. Good writers like Mr. Rañon inspire budding writers like me to pursue the burning passion for writing and keep training to produce masterpieces we will be proud of someday. 

Sunday, March 13, 2011

Without the Right Instruments

 Adamson University is a Catholic and Vincentian institution that seeks to provide quality education especially to those who are socially-disadvantaged. It has emerged academically richer and stronger, accumulating layers of knowledge and experience that sustain its mission to provide education—the kind that meets stringent standards of quality yet affordable to those who have less. Now beyond its Diamond Jubilee, it confidently and ably plays its role as an agent of personal as well as social transformation.[1]

But an institution can never be free from flaws and problems. One major problem that the university is suffering from is its inadequacy in facilities and equipments. It is not a hidden fact that the school lacks personal computers in the computer laboratories. The wet laboratories used for Chemistry and other science-related subjects also suffer from deficiency in laboratory materials such as evaporating dishes and test tubes. The Mass Communication department needs new apparatuses for better video editing and photo capturing.

This dilemma is crucial to learning because it affects both the mentor and the learner. The mentor cannot efficiently impart knowledge without the right instruments. The learner will only absorb the theories of the lesson but will not be able to put it into application. Learning is always better with application. Without quality facilities, quality education is hard to provide.

The only solution to this, of course, is if the university’s administration purchases the needed facilities for the institution. If the administration is having problems with the funds, there are three ways to raise funds and buy the needed equipments. First, allocation of funds must be done properly. The division of the funds must be done according to importance. Due priority must be given to issues that are most critical to the university as a whole. Another way is to increase the tuition fee. Not all will be pleased with this solution, but if they are to see and actually experience the result of this action, they will be pleased in the end. Most parents complain about tuition fee increases because they don’t actually see where the money goes. Lastly, create fund-raising activities such as the fun run, Falcons, Let’s Run, held last February. These activities are supported by the alumni, students, and mere enthusiasts; they are perfect solutions to deficiency in funds.

Proper allocation of funds, increase in tuition fees and creation of fund-raising activities are surefire methods to raise funds in order to purchase new and quality facilities for the university. All of these methods are feasible and achievable. Quality education will continue to be given by the institution if the deficiency in facilities will be solved.

We call it Love


We call it love. It feels like love. But how does one really fall in love?

Helen Fisher of Rutgers University in the States proposed 3 stages of love – lust, attraction and attachment. Each stage might be driven by different hormones and chemicals found inside the body.

The first stage in falling in love is Lust. This stage is controlled by the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen – in both men and women. Psychologists have shown that it takes between 90 seconds and 4 minutes to decide if you fancy someone. Their research has shown this has little to do with what the person tells you, rather: 55% is through body language, 38% is the tone and speed of their voice and only 7% is through what they say.

The second stage is Attraction. This is the time when you claim that you are “love-struck” and you spend all your time thinking about that significant person. Scientists think that three main neurotransmitters[1] are involved here: adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. How do these chemicals affect human love? The initial stage of falling for someone activates one’s stress response; this leads to an increase in blood levels of adrenaline and cortisol.[2] Adrenaline is responsible for that weird moment when one sees the person he/she loves and starts to sweat, the heart races and the mouth goes dry. Fisher examined the brains of newly “love-struck” couples and found out that it both have high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. This chemical stimulates ‘desire and reward’ by triggering an intense rush of pleasure in the person’s mind. It has the same effect on the brain as taking cocaine. So what they say about love being addicting is indeed true. This is also the same reason why people in love have increased energy, less need for sleep or even food, focused attention and unexplainable delight in the littlest of things.  Serotonin, on the other hand, is responsible for the moments when the one you love keep popping unintentionally in your mind.

Finally, the last stage is Attachment. This is the bond which keeps couples together long enough for them to live together and raise children. Scientists think there are two major hormones involved in this feeling of attachment - oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin is the hormone released by men and women during orgasm. It makes couples feel much closer to each other after making love. Vasopressin is the chemical that causes the couple to be faithful and devoted to each other.

So what is the best and easiest way to fall in love? York psychologist, Professor Arthur Arun, enumerated three steps. First, find a complete stranger. Second, reveal to each other intimate details about your lives for half an hour. And third, stare deeply into each other’s eyes without talking for four minutes. He conducted an experiment and asked his subjects to carry out the 3 steps. He found that many of the couples felt deeply attracted after the 34 minute experiment. Two of his subjects later got married.

Love is a complex but universal subject. How it happens was unknown before, but thanks to the scientists, the reasons have now come to light.





[1] Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals in the body that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse.

[2] Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is vital to bone formation and blood sugar levels.

Thursday, March 10, 2011

With the Hope of a Change


The first 100 days of any administration are crucial. Also called the “honeymoon period”, it is the transition of an old government to a new one with the hope of a change in the way the country is governed. The new administration is at the height of its popularity, hope, trust and optimism. What it does in the first 100 days is not necessarily final for the remaining six years and, to be sure, just so much can be realistically done in so short a time. Yet the first 100 days offer important insight into the character of the new administration and go far in establishing the directions of governance.[1]
What makes the honeymoon period crucial? It is during this period that the President-elect organizes his Cabinet and appoints key executive officials. His choice of people to help him run the government will speak a great deal about the policy direction that his administration would likely take during its term. Aside from the appointments that the new President will make, his first policy moves or pronouncements will be anticipated and carefully scrutinized as well. These things serve as helpful indicators on what the people can expect from the administration.[2]
In the 2010 elections, Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III took the place of Dr. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and was elected President of the Philippines. The two leaders are often compared to each other in a reason unknown. One of the things compared between the two of them, however, is their first 100 days of office.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as President of the Philippines from January 21, 2001 to June 30, 2010. She was already serving the unexpired term of former President Joseph Estrada, who was ousted by a Supreme Court ruling after days of public protest for his resignation and impeachment. Prior to that, she was the Vice President and DSWD Secretary.
In her first 100 days, she established numerous projects that would improve the education, social status, and poverty of the nation. Some of these projects are Ahon Bata sa Lansangan, a project that seeks to strengthen and speed up past and present attempts to address the difficulty of street children; Ahon Bayan, a resource generation project for social welfare services; Ahon Pamilya, a community based plan of preparing family members to protect themselves against violence and manage resolution of disagreement within the context of family members; and Quick Reaction Time Pamilya, an instrument that guarantees immediate response to the needs of sexually abused women and children.[3]
PGMA started a health revolution by implementing various projects and policies. Some of the projects are the measles elimination campaign for Filipino children, food enrichment program, reducing the price of drugs and medicines by fifty percent (50%), Sentrong Sigla health centers, and execution of programs against emerging diseases. She also planned to put forth several advancements in the country’s infrastructure by plan of decongesting roads. There was also the plan of electrification of barangays which aims to provide electricity to 1,513 barangays all over the country.
President Noynoy Aquino was elected in a landslide victory of a margin of more than 3 million votes versus his nearest rival in 2010. He was an extremely popular candidate in the election unlike Arroyo who won in an alleged vote-rigged election in 2004, which elected her to a full term in 2004. Like PGMA, PNOY is an ecomomist; he was even a student of Arroyo back in Ateneo de Manila University.
Many criticized the honeymoon period of the 15th President of the country. According to a commentary by IBON Foundation, the new Aquino administration is showing few signs of conviction and a real reform agenda. It has not used its first 100 days to establish any real momentum for the economic and political reform that the country has long needed– belying its promise of real change. The Malacañang released a statement that they gave the president a passing rate. According to them, PNOY has been prioritizing two major projects to fight corruption and poverty alleviation. Retired Archbishop Oscar Cruz, a well known anti-jueteng advocate, described the performance of PNoy as weak and has given its administration a passing mark of “C” or 75. The former Archbishop tagged Presidential friend and DILG Undersecretary Rico E. Puno as one of those who received payola from jueteng operators. The militant group, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan described the first 100 days of the Noynoy Administration as a “disappointment.”[4]
Although the feedback in the first 100 days was not as good as it should be, the Aquino administration implemented several projects to uplift the present situation of the country. It carried out the Anti-Wang-Wang policy. It requested the review of weather forecasting methods for better prediction of the weather. It strived to bring out the truth in plunder cases. Even as it promised not to impose new taxes, the Aquino administration has pushed for additional tax like the collection of the 12% VAT on toll. It signed Executive Order (EO) No. 8 to attract foreign capital and give them guaranteed and almost limitless opportunities to profit from the country’s infrastructure. The Philippines received a $434-million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) grant from the US government.
The Aquino administration presented few concrete plans for the country while the Arroyo administration showed promise in its first 100 days. Ironically, in a survey conducted by the Social Weather station using face-to-face interviews of 1,200 adults in Metro Manila, the Balance of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the results show that 71 percent of 1,200 respondents satisfied and 11 percent dissatisfied with the performance of Aquino in his first three months in office, for a net satisfaction rating of 60 or “very good.” This means that 7 out of 10 Filipinos are satisfied with his performance. On the other hand, 42 percent of the 1,500 respondents satisfied and 18 percent dissatisfied with the performance of Arroyo, for a net satisfaction rating of +24 or “moderate.” This implies that 4 out of 10 Filipinos are satisfied with her performance.
Both administrations changed the nation in different ways. The citizens can only hope that these changes would help improve the status of the country, and not worsen it.

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

Overdoolallism


People today live in a fast-paced and ever-changing world. Trends change over midnight. Fast food chains seem to topple every kind of business. Gadgets’ specifications improve each month. The advancement in telecommunication is fascinating.
With the changes in material things and industries come the changes in people’s lives and lifestyles as well. People have adapted to the high-speed habit. Old trends faded out; new fads came in. People began to love extravagance. They have become so worldly and materialistic that they started pulling it off in the way they wear their clothes.
This fashion style is called Overdoolallism. The term consists of two combined words – over and doolally. Over means more than the usual; it connotes that when something is used with the word over, something is too much. Doolally is a British Army slang word, from the Deolali sanatorium, Marashtra, India. The term is originally 'doolally tap', meaning unbalanced state of mind.[1] Put the two words together and their meaning would be too much craziness.
Why too much craziness? The Overdoolallism fashion style is described as exaggerated, careless and unusual. It is not the type of clothing you normally see everyday. It is over the top; it seeks attention. Bright hues are matched with each other. Contrasting colors of tops and jeans can now complement each other without hurting one’s eyes. Big hats or ribbons can make an outfit extra dashing. If too much details, sequins and patterns make an outfit look cheap before, now, it can make one’s outfit fashionable and elegant. CDs (or discs) and floppy discs (or diskettes) can also be used as designs added on clothes. The use of shades even on rainy days is also encouraged. Dissimilar patterns can also be used together now. For example, a polka dot-patterned blouse can be used with a stripe-patterned skirt.
Nothing seems to be impossible nowadays. Imagination and technology combined is a lethal weapon.

For Whom the Whistle Blows


Corruption has become ordinary in the Philippines. It exists in different forms in the contemporary society today.  It may be the petty corruption that happens on the street or the high-level corruption that exists in the highest echelons of society, where generals and politicians and businessmen play.[1] Corruption exists when a jeepney driver does not give the right amount of change to his passengers. It is also present when a school official collects donations from students for a cause that is supposedly for the improvement of the education offered in the institution. It prevails in a government where politicians pocket the collected money of the citizens and use it for personal use. Corruption is done brazenly out in the public or worse, pulled off effortlessly without the victims’ knowledge.
As the Year of the Rabbit opened with a bang, controversies involving corruption in the Philippines exploded louder than any firework a shop in Bocaue, Bulacan could ever produce. The revelations of former AFP budget officer ex-Lt. Col. George Rabusa that incoming and outgoing top officials of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) received hundreds of millions of pesos in "pasalubong,” “pabaon" and more “perks” expose the long-running system of large-scale corruption in the highest echelons of command in the reactionary government’s armed forces. Further details of bribery, overpricing, juggling and transfers of funds to private accounts and other methods of thievery have been provided by Rabusa, former government auditor Heidi Mendoza and other witnesses.[2]
Courage, Integrity, Loyalty – these words form the backbone of the Philippine Military Academy. Why is the country seeing several exemplars and distortions of these three words? “It no longer shocks me,” were the only words uttered by President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III upon hearing the tale of fraud in the military’s top brass. Corruption has become so common, so normal that even the most powerful person in the country is no longer astonished at the existence of it.
In a forum conducted at Adamson University last March 1, 2011 entitled “Forum on Truth and Integrity”, ex-Lt. Col. George Rabusa and Heidi Mendoza disclosed the truth to the students and personnel of the institution. They sacrificed their jobs, personal security and life to bring to light the extent of dishonesty committed by Maj. Gen. Carlos Garcia and other top officials of the military.  The courage these whistle blowers have shown is indeed admirable. At the end of the forum, students recited “Panata sa Pagbabago”, a pledge comprised of little but important things the youth can do to help lessen corruption. These things may be little, but they are big steps towards change.
May the truth tellers inspire every Filipino to speak the truth at whatever cost. For whom the whistle blows, may they stop perpetrating evil acts.



[1] Dayao, C 2011, ‘Understanding Corruption in the Philippines’, The ProPinoy Project, viewed 5 March 2011, <http://propinoy.net/2011/02/07/understanding-corruption-in-the-philippines/>

[2]Revelations of large-scale AFP corruption infuriates foot soldiers and people’, 2011, viewed 3 March 2011, <http://ndfp.net/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1024&Itemid=53>

A Quarter of a Century Later


Filipinos were praised worldwide when a bloodless revolution in 1986 erupted in the country to oust a tyrant from his throne. It was Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.’s death which ignited the flame of nationalism in the Filipinos that led them to start the crusade. The four-day series of prayerful mass demonstrations and peaceful revolutions was later on called the EDSA People Power Revolution, after the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) where the non-violent revolt was held. It toppled the Marcos dictatorship and installed Corazon “Cory” Aquino, Aquino’s wife, as president of the Philippines.
It was a revolution that changed the life of every Filipino. A revolution that liberated the oppressed from a dictator. A revolution that brought back democracy to the nation. A revolution that became the forerunner of other peaceful revolts in the world. A revolution that moved people worldwide because of the solidarity a nation has shown. A revolution that exemplified the truth of the saying “In unity, there is strength.”
After twenty-five years, people gathered in EDSA Shrine once again to commemorate that fateful day. People wore yellow as a sign of support to the Aquinos, yellow being the campaign color of Corazon Aquino. The word “Laban” was chanted by the crowd as the song “Magkaisa” was simultaneously played from the speakers. Some even wore shirts that have Cory and Ninoy’s faces on them. Although the heat of the sun was unbearable, the crowd stayed to celebrate the commemoration of their fought-for democracy.
But are shirts and songs enough to manifest the true meaning of this event? What is the Philippines now 25 years after the EDSA Revolution? Is it now a distant memory from the past? Does the youth today see it only as a work and school-free holiday? Have the people’s lives changed after gaining freedom?
According to IBON foundation, a research-education-information and advocacy organization that seeks to contribute to people’s empowerment by generating and collecting socio-economic data and analyses, the country has achieved little progress 25 years after EDSA Revolution. According to IBON’s estimates, the unemployment rate rose to an average 11% in the period 2005-2010 from the 10.6% posted in the pre-People Power crisis period from 1981-1986, as shown in the illustration.[1] The 2.6 million number of unemployed Filipinos in 1896 rose to 4.4 million in 2010.



The latest revised number of poor in the Philippines was estimated to be at 23.1 million in 2009 or six out of ten Filipinos trying to survive. IBON said that the anniversary of People Power 1 is a time to reflect on how the nation is 25 years after. The organization further explained that there was an explosion of optimism for change in 1986, but it was followed by decades of missed opportunities. Is this now enough reason for Sen. Bongbong Marcos to conclude that indeed, his father could have turned the Philippines into another Singapore? Twenty-five years have passed after the revolution, but the condition of the country, according to IBON’s statistics, worsened.
With the celebration of the Filipino’s democracy, corruption is still present in the society. In the last few weeks, the stigma of corruption has hung over the armed forces. Sen. Gregorio "Gringo'' Honasan II said “"There is a need for transparency not only in the AFP but in all government-related transactions, and the need for us to protect what we term as whistle-blowers, who take the risk and develop the courage to testify, and present evidence."[2] Does this justify the notion that too much freedom can lead to abuse of power?
Twenty-five years after, how has EDSA Revolution affected the way Filipinos live? What is its value to the modern nation? According to a political blogger, Mon Casiple, this event taught the citizens three lessons. He said, “The first lesson in Philippine experience is to democratize the state, government and society. The second lesson is to strengthen this democratization to full democracy enjoyed by all the people. The third lesson is to realize that democracy is a never-ending work that requires constant vigilance and attention.”[3] Democracy is a double-edged sword; people can enjoy the freedom as long as they strive to be worthy of that liberty.
A quarter of a century later, what happened to the lives of the peaceful revolutionists? However it may have affected their lives, it still continues to inspire them to become better citizens of the nation of the people, by the people and for the people.



[1] Alegado, A 2011, ‘Little Progress achieved 25 years after EDSA revolution –IBON,’ Business World Online, viewed 1 March 2011, <http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?title=Little%20progress%20achieved%2025%20years%20after%20EDSA%20Revolution%20--%20IBON&id=27060>.
[2] Burgonio, TJ 2011, ‘Senator confident Armed Forces will survive corruption crisis’, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 20 February 
[3] Casiple, M 2011, ‘EDSA After 25 Years’, viewed 28 February, <http://moncasiple.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/edsa-after-25-years/>

Sunday, February 27, 2011

To Cheat or Not to Cheat


To cheat, or not to cheat: That is the question.

Cheating has been a perennial issue in every academic institution since time immemorial. In a country that cannot even hold a decent election, students cheating their way through college should be anything but surprising. (Panao, 2008)

According to an advertising council campaign against cheating, the Educational Testing Service, academic cheating is defined as representing someone else's work as your own. It can take various forms, like sharing another's work or purchasing a term paper or test questions in advance.[1] Because of consistent practice, cheating is now a stereotype in the society. How and why does it successfully elude solutions?

In Adamson University, cheating is not new anymore. Fifteen college students from the Mass Communication department were chosen to be respondents in the survey conducted. Thirteen confessed to commiting academic dishonesty.




An alarming 87% of the respondents have confessed to cheating. When asked on how often they cheat in exams or quizzes, majority answered that they do it whenever they cannot answer a question in the exam. Majority answered that the reason of their cheating is failure to study for the exam. The funny part is, one answered that he cheats because it is fun to do. One answered that his classmates do it so he finds no reason not to do it, too. This shows that students who cheat feel justified in what they are doing. They cheat because they see others cheat and they think that they will be unfairly disadvantaged.



Out of the thirteen respondents who cheat, majority has not been caught and this is because cheating is made easier today. One of the respondents shares that he cheats by googling[2] for answers in his phone during examinations.



When asked on how they feel about cheating, majority answered that they were not affected at all. As students of a Vincentian education, is this the way these students must feel? Students are taught to be honest because cheating does not end at graduation, in most cases. The corrupt leaders of the country are probably cheaters in their college years, too.



Ironically, grades, rather than education, have become the major focus of many students today. Learning is gradually losing its essence. But cheating can still be solved as shown that majority of the respondents answered they think they can graduate in college without cheating. Panao says in her essay that it is not just teachers but the entire academic community who must make it their duty to safeguard academic integrity.[3] With enough discipline from both learners and mentors, cheating in Adamson can still be solved.



[2] Googling is the term used by people who use the search engine, Google, to find anything on the internet.
[3] Panao, A. (2008). Who really loses when a student cheats?

Thursday, February 10, 2011

K + 12 = Smarter Filipinos?

Last August 2010, the Department of Education (DepEd) publicized the major plan of the government to overhaul the education system in the Philippines also known as the K+12 Program (Kindergarten+12 Program).[1] The highlight of the proposal was to extend the years of basic education from 10 to 12 years. The proposition received diverse feedback from the Filipino people, both students and non-students. The K+12 proposal is a part of the government’s program to elevate the country’s educational standards. Would adding two years to basic education lift the quality of education in the country?
The Philippines is the only country with a 10-year compulsory basic education consisting of six years in grade school and four years in high school. Most countries have 12 years basic education, some even have longer. For instance, India has 12 years primary education and 4 years secondary education. With schools having 12 years of basic education, graduates of basic education are already eligible for employment even without attending university or higher studies. This is what the government wants to happen. It wants to produce competent high school graduates who can already enter the labor force as early as 17 years old. Since basic education today only offers 10 years, the graduates are too young to enter the labor force. Most children start Grade 1 at the age of 6; they do not reach the employable age of 18 after high school graduation.
The poor quality of education is reflected on the low achievement scores of the students. Average National Achievement Test (NAT) scores of elementary school students are at a failing 64 percent. The number further slides in high school, with the national average at 46 percent. (Quismundo, 2010)[2] The results of the 2003 TIMMS (Trends in International Math and Science Study) show poor proficiency of Filipino students as the Philippines is placed 41st among 45 participating countries, consistently appearing at the lower part of the charts.[3] One reason for the degrading achievement of the students is inadequate instructional and learning time. The curriculum is congested; twelve years worth of education is crammed into ten years. If sufficient time is given to students, these achievement scores may improve.
The short duration of the basic education also affects the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Filipino professionals and students staying abroad. Dubai-based OFW Hannah Zipporah Tayo shares on a forum of GMANews.TV Facebook Fan Page that when she pursued studies abroad, none of the universities and colleges accepted her for they do not recognize the 10 years basic education curriculum.[4] Filipino graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad. One genuine example is the Engineering graduates who are not given professional status abroad for lacking years in basic education. This is saddening for the people who have spent their effort and passion in earning their diplomas which were later unappreciated when they pursued employment abroad.  If the K+12 proposal is implemented, their diplomas would surely not be put to waste.
The primary concern of the parents with the 12-year basic education cycle is the added financial burden that would certainly come with the extended curriculum. However, Presidential Spokesman Edwin Lacierda said "Essentially, this is basic education and this is for free." He explains that high school graduates have better opportunities for employment even without a college diploma. Part of the proposal is the inclusion of vocational courses to teach students practical livelihood skills.[5] Practicality is easily attained through the implementation of the K+12 proposal.
Education Secretary Armin Luistro said in an interview that the K+12 program will surely assure high school graduates of employment. He assured that these reforms aim to ensure a productive employment for these graduates even without completing college. “The current thinking and the current culture in the Philippines is that if you don’t finish with a college degree, there is something missing in your life. What should basic education be? To me, what is basic is that [high school graduates] should be able to live a meaningful life, they should be able to be prepared to start a family, and thirdly they should be able to be productively employed,” Luistro explained.[6] A good point was raised here by the Education Secretary. Many people who lack college degrees are deprived of the hiring and employment they should receive even when they are competent and capable enough for the job. It is a common notion now that if you do not attend college or university, you are considered useless because no business firm would hire you. Unlike in other countries, high school graduates are given the right to be employed in jobs they want to get. If that happens to the country, the unemployment rates would decline.
But every debate has a government side and an opposition side. The K+12 program may have presented good points but there are several counterarguments to them.
Fr. Bienvenido Nebres, the president of Ateneo de Manila University, does not see how the extension of the basic education years can help improve the quality of education in the country. “This all sounds very nice, but if you get down to the ground, it doesn’t make sense,” he tells in a forum. This raises a crucial question to critics: Is the length or duration of education directly proportional to the quality of education a student receives? Quality is always better than quantity. Adding two more years to the curriculum does not guarantee better education standards. The problem here is not the length, but the content of the education. The government should focus on what is being taught inside the classrooms. As far as the curriculum is concerned, the Department of Education must fix the current subjects instead of adding new ones. As an editorial puts it, we need to have better education, not more education. (Cruz, 2010)[7]
More problems rise on the financial aspect of this matter. Albeit the government promises free education for the added two years of the curriculum, this is evidently anecdotal. The government cannot have the money to pay for two more years’ worth free education since it does not even have the budget to pay for today’s ten years. It must first solve problems on erroneous textbooks, classrooms, furniture and facilities insufficiency and unqualified teachers, especially in public schools. Two more years can be added to the curriculum, but as long as classrooms still have to be shared by 60 to 80 students per class, and as long as they do not have chairs and books to use, the students will surely be learning nothing.
One of the main reasons why the government is pressured to change the curriculum is because of the country’s status with the lone 10 years of basic education. If the basic education offered in the Philippines needs two more years, why is the government only changing it now? In the past years, the country has dealt with 10 years of basic education and it was fine. Literally, the Filipinos can do in 10 years what other people in the world can do in 12 years. Is this proof of the pressure on the government to follow trends? Are they only doing it to blend in? Does it follow that Filipino students have to do what the rest of the world is doing? Filipinos have proved to be competent in different fields, even with only ten years of basic education.
Although the government pointed out that the new curriculum would increase chances of employment for high school graduates, it is still fallacious for most business firms do not hire fresh high school graduates. The times are changing and the workplace is getting competitive every year. College education makes an application stand out. It would make the application easier. Therefore, employment would still be easier with a college degree.
Albeit the duration of basic education will be lengthened, it is not assured that they will be learning what they need when they step out of school and enter the real world. It is not guaranteed that they will be competent enough to cope up with the demands and pressure of the different markets and industries they will be entering. Cruz (2010)[8] points out in his mini critique column that if these 17 year-old graduates are emotionally, psychologically, and intellectually mature, why are they required to get parental consent before getting married?
Since two more years will be added to the curriculum, some students will be left in Grades 11 and 12. As a result, schools will not be producing high school graduates for two years. This would also mean no college entrants for two years. This will cause financial problems to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). HEIs are state-recognized, public or private, post-secondary educational and vocational training establishments which offer, within the framework of advanced education and training, qualifications or diplomas of that level, whatever such establishments may be called. [9] This possibility should not be even considered for these institutions provide the professionals of the society. Without institutions to harness and enhance potential doctors and lawyers of the society, the security of the country is at stake.
According to data gathered by the National Statistical Coordination Board, the dropout rate in the elementary level was 6 percent in 2009. However, the dropout rate at the secondary level improved starting from SY 2006-2007 and remained at around 8 percent in the succeeding years. But unfortunately, the college drop-out rate from 1994 up to 2004 is 83.34%.[10] It is still a large number. Given the extension of the years of basic education in the country, it will not be surprising if this number goes higher. High dropout rates are predominantly influenced by the most unresolved problem in the society – poverty. Families are too poor to continue sustaining education for their children, resulting to the children dropping out in the middle of the academic year. With the new curriculum, these families will have a heavier load on their backs.
It is a fact that many public schools in the country cram up as many students as they can inside a classroom. To make matters worse, these schools conduct classes in shifts – usually morning, afternoon and evening shifts. This is a big problem to the curriculum with two additional years. Public schools will be forced to construct new buildings and classrooms to accommodate the students. It will be difficult, considering some schools have not yet recovered from the wrath brought about by several calamities the country has recently experienced. If these schools fail to add new infrastructures and facilities, what will happen? The most feasible solution would probably be to conduct classes 24/7. Funny but realistic.
It is a fact that not all students graduate on time. Some take longer than six years in elementary and some more than four years in high school. If these students have difficulties finishing ten years of education, what more if it becomes twelve years?
Considering the arguments and counterarguments presented, I take my stand with the opposition. The Philippines has used the 10-year basic education scale since time immemorial. It is already proven that schools and universities can produce competent graduates using this time scheme. The government must not change this system because of a trend. After all, they are not yet certain of the outcome of the proposal. Trial-and-error method must not be used on a matter this serious. It was said before and I am saying it again. What the Filipinos need is better education, not longer education.




[1] K+12 Program is Kindergarten+12 Program which indicates the duration of the Basic Education from Kindergarten plus 7 years in elementary education and 5 years in high school.
[5] Government poised to extend basic education. (2010). Available at http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=601711